Significance of Tangram Technology and Water in Cooling Tower

Amount of flow to the process always related to the demand by pump sequencing with multiple pumps or using variable-speed drive controllers with pressure and flow rate as a control signal which is the Significance of Tangram Technology.

Quality water plays a significant role in cooling water system under tangram technology. It is considered that cooling towers and its mechanical components represent the cooling system hardware and the water flowing through the cooling system is the system software as shown in figure 1. Significance of Tangram Technology using cooling-water system normally has highly efficient pumps supplying both the process and the cooling system.

As many researchers have agreed about ‘Significance of Tangram Technology‘ using cooling towers to control temperature by rejecting heat from hot equipment or from air-conditioning systems. This is possible by the use of significant amounts of water.
Proper operation, thermal efficiency and longevity of the water cooling system rely solely on the quality of water and its reuse potential.In a cooling tower, water is lost throughbleed-off, drift and evaporation. In order to replace such amount of water lost and retain its cooling function, there is a need for more make-up water which must be added to the tower system. Occasionally water used for other equipment within a system can be reused and recycled for cooling tower make-up with little or no pre-treatment (Homel, 2007).

Quality of Water vs Significance of Tangram Technology

One of the most potential variables of cooling system is quality of water. Condition of water is often not considered as a potential variable over time. However, if cooling water is left unattended, itsupports biological growth, corrodes or scales equipment.  In the case of efficient process and operation, there must be proper treatment of water for cooling tower usage. An approach commonly employed to remove waste heat from the cooling tower is known as cooling loop. It allows water to evaporate to the environment or atmosphere.

The evaporated water should always be replaced by fresh make-up water (Lee, 2005). Heikkila and Milosavljevic (2001) stated that water play an important role in the operation and performance of cooling tower. They described that in heat rejection in cooling tower is convectional transfer between water droplets. The air surrounding the environment. Also evaporation allows small portion of water to evaporate into the atmosphere.

Tyagi et al (2007) also revealed that in hostile weather conditions, exhaust of the cooling tower remixes with cooler ambient air. And when it cools down the leftover moisture condenses in small fog droplets which creates visible plume. In another development, (ASHRAE, 1996:Tyagi et al 2007) the plume can travel at few hundreds of meters. Which can led to visibility and darkness issues.
Furthermore, the operation of cooling tower system depends on water quality of the make-up source. Different sources have different challenges. Typical examples include of surface water sources include rivers, lakes and streams.

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Flow Chart of Tangram Technology

The cooling tower chills a flow of condenser water that is passed through a plate-and-frame heat exchanger. The free cooling heat exchanger, the condenser water from the cooling tower absorbs heat from the primary water flow.  Also, the chilled primary flow is used in the same way as the primary flow normally supplied by the chillers. Effectively, the water-side free cooling system permits the cooling towers to work as the building’s chillers. However, the cooling towers engaged atmospheric conditions, rather than a mechanically driven refrigeration cycle, as a heat sink to cool the primary water flow. In figure 2 represents a schematic water-side free cooling system which consist of two flows; the primary and condenser water flows.

Summary

However, the groundwater sources do not have the seasonal variations which surface water sources have, but depending on the geology of the region. The groundwater can have high levels of dissolved minerals which pose as a problem to many cooling tower systems. The water reuse is one of the wise resources option, where consideration should be given to the quality of water and also how that will affect the efficient operation of the cooling tower system and the system ability to meet the required cooling demand.